Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Article Title: Enterobactin-Mediated Delivery of β-Lactam Antibiotics Enhances Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1021/ja503911p

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activity of Ent-Amp/Amx against various E. coli strains that include human pathogens. (A) Laboratory test strain E. coli ATCC 25922. (B) Uropathogenic E. coli UTI89. (C) Uropathogenic E. coli CFT073. (D) Non-pathogenic clinical isolate E. coli H9049. (E) Pathogenic ETEC E. coli ATCC 35401. (F) Pathogenic EHEC E. coli ATCC 43895. All assays were performed in 50% MHB medium supplemented with 200 μM DP to provide iron-limiting conditions (mean ± SEM, n ≥ 3). The data for assays performed in the absence of DP are presented in .

Article Snippet: Similar to unmodified Amp/Amx, Ent-Amp/Amx were inactive against E. coli ATCC 35218 (MIC > 10 μM) in the absence and presence of DP (Figures C and ).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Article Title: Enterobactin-Mediated Delivery of β-Lactam Antibiotics Enhances Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1021/ja503911p

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activity of Ent-Amp/Amx against wild-type and mutant E. coli K-12. (A,B) Growth inhibition of E. coli K-12 by Amp/Amx and Ent-Amp/Amx in the absence (A) and presence (B) of DP. (C) Growth inhibition of E. coli K-12 treated with a 1:1 molar ratio of Ent/Amp and Ent/Amx. (D) Growth inhibition of E. coli K-12 treated with ferric Ent-Amp/Amx. (E–G) Growth inhibition of fepA- (E), fepC- (F), and fes- (G) by Amp/Amx and Ent-Amp/Amx. (H,I) Growth of E. coli K-12 in the presence of 1 μM Ent-Amp/Amx (“conjugate”) and mixtures of Ent-Amp/Amx (1 μM) and 1, 5, or 20 equiv of exogenous Ent in the absence (H) and presence (I) of DP. The ** indicates OD 600 < 0.01. All assays were performed in 50% MHB medium with or without 200 μM DP (see panels) (mean ± SEM, n ≥ 3). The data for additional assays performed in the absence of DP are presented in .

Article Snippet: Similar to unmodified Amp/Amx, Ent-Amp/Amx were inactive against E. coli ATCC 35218 (MIC > 10 μM) in the absence and presence of DP (Figures C and ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Mutagenesis, Inhibition

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Article Title: Enterobactin-Mediated Delivery of β-Lactam Antibiotics Enhances Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1021/ja503911p

Figure Lengend Snippet: β-Lactam is required for Ent-Amp/Amx antimicrobial activity. (A,B) Antibacterial activity assays against E. coli K-12 (A) and CFT073 (B) using Ent-Amp/Amx and Ent-Hydro-Amp/Amx. (C) Antibacterial activity assays against E. coli ATCC 35218, which expresses a class A serine β-lactamase, using Ent-Amp/Amx in the absence and presence of the β-lactamase inhibitors potassium clavulanate (PC) and sulbactam (SB). All assays were performed in 50% MHB supplemented with 200 μM DP (mean ± SEM, n ≥ 3). Additional data are presented in .

Article Snippet: Similar to unmodified Amp/Amx, Ent-Amp/Amx were inactive against E. coli ATCC 35218 (MIC > 10 μM) in the absence and presence of DP (Figures C and ).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Article Title: Enterobactin-Mediated Delivery of β-Lactam Antibiotics Enhances Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1021/ja503911p

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-kill kinetic assays for treatment of E. coli K-12 (top panel) and CFT073 (bottom panel) with Amp/Amx and Ent-Amp/Amx. E. coli K-12 (∼10 8 CFU/mL) was treated with 50 μM of Amp/Amx or 50 μM Ent-Amp/Amx. E. coli CFT073 (∼10 8 CFU/mL) was treated with 50 μM of Amp/Amx or 5 μM Ent-Amp/Amx. The assays were conducted in 50% MHB medium containing 200 μM DP at 37 °C (mean ± SEM, n = 3).

Article Snippet: Similar to unmodified Amp/Amx, Ent-Amp/Amx were inactive against E. coli ATCC 35218 (MIC > 10 μM) in the absence and presence of DP (Figures C and ).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Article Title: Enterobactin-Mediated Delivery of β-Lactam Antibiotics Enhances Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1021/ja503911p

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ent-Amp/Amx selectively kill E. coli CFT073 in the presence of S. aureus ATCC 25923. (A,B) Antimicrobial activity assays against S. aureus ATCC 25923 in the absence (A) and presence (B) of 200 μM DP. (C,D) Bacterial growth monitored by OD 600 for cultures of E. coli only, S. aureus only, and 1:1 E. coli / S. aureus mixtures treated with Amp/Amx or Ent-Amp/Amx in the absence (C) and presence (D) of 200 μM DP. The * indicates OD 600 < 0.01. (E) Representative photographs of colonies from mixed cultures of E. coli CFT073 and S. aureus ATCC 29523 treated with Ent-Amp/Amx (1 μM) or Amp/Amx (1 μM) in the presence of 200 μM DP. All assays were conducted in 50% MHB medium ( t = 19 h, 30 °C) (mean ± SEM, n ≥ 3 for A–D).

Article Snippet: Similar to unmodified Amp/Amx, Ent-Amp/Amx were inactive against E. coli ATCC 35218 (MIC > 10 μM) in the absence and presence of DP (Figures C and ).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Article Title: Enterobactin-Mediated Delivery of β-Lactam Antibiotics Enhances Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1021/ja503911p

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activity of Ent-Amp against E. coli CFT073 in the presence of lcn2 or BSA. (A) E. coli CFT073 treated with 100 nM Ent-Amp and varying concentrations of lcn2 or BSA control. (B) E. coli CFT073 treated with Ent-Amp, varying concentration of Ent, and varying concentrations of lcn2 or BSA control. The assays were performed in M9 minimal medium (24 h, 37 °C) (mean ± SEM, n ≥ 3). The ** indicates OD 600 < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Similar to unmodified Amp/Amx, Ent-Amp/Amx were inactive against E. coli ATCC 35218 (MIC > 10 μM) in the absence and presence of DP (Figures C and ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control, Concentration Assay

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Chemical Composition, Biocompatibility, and Anti- Candida albicans Activity of Schinus weinmanniifolia Mart. ex Engl.

doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activity of aqueous extract of leaves of S. weinmanniifolia (AES) on the growth kinetics of C. albicans ATCC 90028. MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration. 2 × MIC: two-fold the minimum inhibitory concentration. FLU: fluconazole. C+: positive control (cells in culture medium). CFU: colony forming unit. Statistically significant difference ( p < 0.05) two-way ANOVA was followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: The ratio between the IC 50 for hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and the MIC against C. albicans (ATCC 90028 and clinical isolates) for AES indicated a high selectivity index of 512.82.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Positive Control

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Chemical Composition, Biocompatibility, and Anti- Candida albicans Activity of Schinus weinmanniifolia Mart. ex Engl.

doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of aqueous extract of leaves of S. weinmanniifolia (AES) on germ tube formation in C. albicans ATCC 90028. MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration. 2 × MIC: two-fold the minimum inhibitory concentration. FLU: fluconazole. Data are presented as means, with error bars indicating standard deviation. One-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with *: p = 0.0367 (statistically significant difference) and ns: p > 0.05 (not significant).

Article Snippet: The ratio between the IC 50 for hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and the MIC against C. albicans (ATCC 90028 and clinical isolates) for AES indicated a high selectivity index of 512.82.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Chemical Composition, Biocompatibility, and Anti- Candida albicans Activity of Schinus weinmanniifolia Mart. ex Engl.

doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of aqueous extract of leaves of S. weinmanniifolia (AES) on hyphae formation in C. albicans ATCC 90028. MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration. 2 × MIC: two-fold the minimum inhibitory concentration. FLU: fluconazole. Data are presented as means, with error bars indicating standard deviation. One-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with statistically significant difference **: p = 0.0023; ***: p = 0.0005; ****: p = 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The ratio between the IC 50 for hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and the MIC against C. albicans (ATCC 90028 and clinical isolates) for AES indicated a high selectivity index of 512.82.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation